National 5 Chemistry: Homologous Series and Isomers

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Definition of homologous series

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A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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Physical property pattern in homologous series

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Subsequent members show a general increase in melting and boiling points due to increasing strength of intermolecular forces as molecular size increases.

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Definition of hydrocarbons

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Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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Definition of saturated compounds

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Compounds containing only single carbon–carbon bonds.

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Definition of unsaturated compounds

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Compounds containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

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Test to distinguish unsaturated from saturated compounds

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Unsaturated compounds decolourise bromine solution quickly.

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Definition of isomers

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Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

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Characteristics of isomers

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May belong to different homologous series and usually have different physical properties.

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Definition of alkanes

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Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms and the general formula CnH2n+2.

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Definition of alkenes

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Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond with the general formula CnH2n.