Chapter 2 Expansion of Empires, War and Reform

Front

Spread of Islam by first four caliphs

Back

Conquest

Front

Pilgrimage in Islam

Back

Commemorates Muhammad’s last trip to Mecca

Front

Muslim scholars' contribution to mathematics

Back

Developed algebra

Front

Challenges of desert transportation

Back

Required travel across the desert

Front

Feature of Islamic art

Back

Geometric patterns

Front

Travel methods of Crusades

Back

Third Crusade: Mostly by water; First Crusade: Mostly by land

Front

Alexius I seeks help from Pope Urban II

Back

Muslim Turks' conquests hinder travel to Holy Land

Front

Reasons for Magna Carta:

Back

Raised taxes for war

Front

Importance of the document

Back

King accountable to laws of England