Basic Science Concepts

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Biology

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The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

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Hypothesis

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A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, based on limited evidence, as a starting point for further investigation.

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Scientific Law

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A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the world.

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Scientific Theory

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A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of evidence.

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Scientific Method

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A systematic process for gathering knowledge and testing hypotheses.

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Observation

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The act of noting and recording something with instruments.

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Inference

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A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

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Control Group

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The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark.

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Independent Variable

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The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.

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Dependent Variable

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The variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.