Introduction to Psychology

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Definition of Psychology

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The study of human behavior and mental processes.

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Scientific Basis of Psychology

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The study of psychology should be scientific, based on research and analysis.

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Etymology of Psychology

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From Latin: 'Psyche' means mind/soul or spirit; 'Logos' means study of/research.

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Four Goals of Psychological Science

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1. Description: describe behaviors and mental processes. 2. Explanation: explain causes of behavior. 3. Prediction: predict reactions. 4. Control: control behavior.

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Behavior

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Observable and measurable acts.

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Mental Processes

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Things humans can do with their mind (e.g., dreams, perceptions, thoughts, memories, beliefs, reason, emotion).

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Psychodynamic Perspective

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Focuses on the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships.

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Behavioral Perspective

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Focuses on learned behaviors, conditioning, and reinforcement.

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Cognitive Perspective

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Focuses on mental processes, memory, thinking, and problem-solving.

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Biological Perspective

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Focuses on physical and biological bases of behavior.