APUSH Week 5 IDs

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3/5ths Compromise

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Agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress.

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Commerce (Tariff) Compromise

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The compromise was to allow tariffs only on imports from foreign countries and not exports from the United States.

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Slavery Compromise

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(1) 3/5 clause on representation; (2) 1808 slave trade clause; (3) fugitive slave clause.

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Federalists

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A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

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Federalist Paper #10

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Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts.

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Anti-Federalists

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Opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that it gave too much political, economic, and military control. They advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states.

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Bill of Rights 1789 & George Mason

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The Bill of Rights was strongly influenced by the Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by George Mason.

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Unwritten Constitution

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Traditions, precedent, and practice incorporated into our form of government that add to the Constitution's elasticity and its viability. Political parties, the president's cabinet, political action committees, and the federal bureaucracy are important examples.

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Judiciary Act of 1789

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In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.

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Hamilton's Economic Program 1790-91

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Hamilton's plan called for the government to repay both federal and state debts. He wanted the government to buy up all the bonds issued by both the national and state government before 1789, then issue new bonds to pay off the old debts.