A comparison between the angle of steering wheel rotation and the angle of tires' rotation. It ranges from 15.1 to 18:1 in passenger vehicles. Also termed steering ratio or steering gear reduction.

Hydraulic four-wheel steering system

Type of four-wheel steering system that uses a conventional power rack-and-pinion steering system up front. A rear power steering pump provides fluid pressure for a control valve that operates the rear steering system when a set road speed is reached.

A system of steel tubes and rubber hoses that contain and move high-pressure fluid within a hydraulic system.

A steering part attached to the vehicle frame or subframe opposite the pitman arm to prevent unwanted flexing of the center link in a parallelogram steering system.

Ignition lock mechanism

A device, normally located on the top, right-hand side of a steering column that bars a vehicle ignition without insertion of the vehicle key.

Linkage steering system

A steering system that transmits the rotation of the steering wheel through a worm-type steering gearbox to the steering arms, which act on rods connected to the wheel and tire assemblies.

Mechanical four-wheel steering system

Type of four-wheel steering system that uses a special front rack-and-pinion gearbox with a transfer box. A shaft, controlled by the transfer box, extends back to a rear rack to turn the rear wheel.

A type of power tilt steering wheel that uses a tilt electronic control module, sensor, and electric motor to automatically retain and move the steering column to a driver’s preprogrammed position with the press of a button.

Parallelogram steering linkage

An arrangement of steering parts that uses two tie-rod assemblies connected to a center link, which is supported on one end by an idler arm and on the other end by its attachment to the pitman arm. The two sides of the part arrangement run parallel and are equal in length, characteristics that give the design its name.

A steering part that converts the turning movement of a steering gearbox sector gear to linear motion and transfers this motion to the steering linkage in a parallelogram steering system.

A hydraulic cylinder machined in the steering gearbox (linkage systems) or in the steering housing (rack-and-pinion systems) that holds the power piston in a power steering system.

Power linkage steering

A type of linkage steering system that uses hydraulic pump pressure to operate an integral power steering gearbox, with a piston assembly machined into the worm-type steering gearbox to assist in moving the sector gear and the front wheels.

A hydraulic, double-acting piston housed in the power cylinder of a power steering system, moving based on oil pressure to aid in vehicle steering.

Power rack-and-pinion steering

A type of rack-and-pinion steering system using hydraulic pressure to operate a piston assembly in the steering housing to assist in moving the steering rack and front wheels.

Power steering fluid reservoir

A separate container that holds an extra supply of power steering fluid, part of a power steering pump body.

A high-pressure, hydraulic, rubber tube connecting the power steering pump and the integral gearbox or power cylinder.

Power steering oil cooler

A small metal line or radiator in the steering lines to remove excess heat from the oil.

An engine belt-driven or electric motor-driven pump producing hydraulic pressure to assist vehicle steering system operation.

Pressure relief valve

A spring-loaded bypass valve that operates when pressure reaches a preset point within an enclosed system, used in AC systems to prevent compressor damage.

Rack-and-pinion steering gear

A steering mechanism transforming steering wheel rotation into left and right wheel movement using a pinion gear on the end of the steering shaft.

Rack-and-pinion steering system

A steering system using a pinion gear meshing with a steering rack bar to convert steering wheel rotation to straight line movement at the wheel and tire assemblies.

Recirculating-ball gearbox

A worm-style steering gearset with small steel balls circulating between rotating gear members inside a metal housing to transfer steering wheel rotation to the steering linkage.

A steel bar connecting the pitman arm to the tie-rod assemblies in a parallelogram steering system, also known as a center link.

A sensation transferred to the steering wheel by the wheels of the vehicle, important in sensing and predetermining steering response.

A round valve in a housing controlling and redirecting fluid flow to different locations in a hydraulic circuit, featuring compartments that expose or close openings to route hydraulic pressure.

A clamp-secured flexible rubber housing fitting over the inner ball sockets of a rack-and-pinion tie-rod assembly to keep out dirt and water.

The output rod/gear in a steering gearbox transferring motion from the worm shaft/gear to the steering linkage.

A hollow tube supporting the steering wheel and the steering shaft.

Steering column assembly

An assembly of a vehicle steering wheel, steering shaft, outer housing, ignition key mechanism, flexible coupling, and universal joint.

An oil-filled shock absorber positioned between the vehicle frame and center link in some parallelogram steering systems.

A mechanism in a metal housing connecting with the steering shaft to multiply steering effort.

Turning torque and changing rotational motion into a straight-line motion to the left or right for moving the steering knuckles.

steering gear reduction

A comparison between the angle of steering wheel rotation and the angle of tires' rotation. It ranges from 15.1 to 18:1 in passenger vehicles. Also termed gearbox ratio or steering ratio.

A cylindrical metal enclosure that bolts to the vehicle frame or reinforced area of a unibody and encases the pinion gear and rack components in a rack-and-pinion steering system.

Steel shafts and parts connecting the steering gearbox to the steering knuckles and wheels.

A gear rotated by the steering wheel and steering shaft with teeth that mesh with the teeth on the steering rack in a rack-and-pinion steering system.

A long, flat steel bar featuring teeth along a section of one side. It meshes with and is moved left or right by the rotation of the steering pinion gear in a rack-and-pinion steering system.

A comparison between the angle of steering wheel rotation and the angle of tires' rotation. It ranges from 15.1 to 18:1 in passenger vehicles. It is also termed gearbox ratio or steering gear reduction.

A two-piece steel shaft that transfers turning motion from the steering wheel to the steering gearbox (linkage design) or steering pinion gear (rack-and-pinion design).

A wheel turned by the vehicle's driver to rotate a steering shaft that passes through the steering column and vehicle firewall.

A spring that preloads the rack-and-pinion gear teeth inside a steering housing to prevent excessive gear backlash.

Inner and outer steel rods that fasten and transfer turning force from a rack or center link to steering knuckles in a steering system.

The combined inner and outer tie-rods that connect the rack or steering linkage to the steering knuckles. In a parallelogram steering system, a toe adjustment sleeve forms the middle connection. In a rack-and-pinion steering system, no sleeve is used.

Automotive Steering Components

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Russell Barnell

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ball socket

Back

A grease-filled swivel joint used on ball joints, tie rod ends, and other steering and suspension components.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Center link

Back

A steel bar used to connect the pitman arm to both of the tie-rod assemblies in a parallelogram steering system. Also referred to as a relay rod.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Collapsible steering column

Back

A type of steering column that crumples or slides together when forced forward during an automotive collision to help prevent driver chest and face injury.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Control valve

Back

A valve that controls the application of hydraulic pressure within a power piston in a power steering system.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Electronic steering assist

Back

A small electric motor mounted inside a steering housing that acts directly upon the steering rack to aid the driver in steering.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Flexible coupling

Back

A connector that joins a steering shaft and steering gear input shaft to help keep road shock from being transmitted to the steering wheel.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Gearbox housing

Back

A metal enclosure that bolts to the vehicle frame and encases the worm shaft/gear and sector shaft/gear steering mechanism in a recirculating-ball, worm-type gearbox.

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