Philosophy Reviewer - 1st Semester S.Y 2024-2025

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Philosophy comes from the Greek words 'philo' and 'sophia'.

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It means to love and wisdom respectively.

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Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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It seeks to understand the first causes or the highest principles of all things.

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Four considerations in philosophy include: Scientific Approach, Natural Light of Reason, Study of All Things, and First Cause.

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These aspects differentiate philosophy from other sciences.

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Holistic Thinking considers large-scale patterns in systems.

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It involves a big picture mentality and breaking down larger systems into details.

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Partial Thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation.

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It contrasts with holistic thinking.

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Metaphysics investigates unreal entities in terms of the real world.

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Plato contrasted reality and appearance in this field.

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Ethics evaluates human actions and the nature of moral value.

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It includes discourses like feminism and law-making.

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Epistemology concerns the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.

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It includes methods like induction and deduction.

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Induction is a bottom-up process of knowledge formation.

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It investigates particulars to arrive at general ideas.

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Deduction is a top-down process that employs general ideas to arrive at specific conclusions.

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Rationalists advocate for this method.