General Chemistry II: Properties of Liquids and Solids

Front

A framework for understanding the properties of different states of matter, including liquids and solids, based on the idea that matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.

Back

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

Front

Attractive and repulsive forces that arise between the molecules of a substance, responsible for most physical and chemical properties of matter.

Back

Intermolecular Forces (IMF)

Front

Definite shape and volume, high density, and incompressibility.

Back

Properties of Solids

Front

The weakest type of intermolecular force arising from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, present in all atoms and molecules.

Back

Dispersion Forces

Front

Attractive forces between polar molecules with permanent dipoles, where the positive end of one dipole is attracted to the negative end of another.

Back

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Front

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring when hydrogen is covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.

Back

Hydrogen Bonding

Front

Forces occurring between an ion and a polar molecule, generally the strongest type of intermolecular force.

Back

Ion-Dipole Interactions

Front

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid, influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Back

Surface Tension

Front

A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow, affected by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Back

Viscosity

Front

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase, indicating the tendency of molecules to escape from the liquid.

Back

Vapor Pressure