Equilibrium and Le Châtelier’s Principle

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Le Châtelier’s Principle

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If conditions of equilibrium are changed, the position of the equilibrium moves to oppose change.

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Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium

Back

Temperature increases equilibrium and moves in the endothermic direction. When the temperature is lowered, equilibrium shifts in the exothermic direction.

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Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium

Back

When pressure is raised, equilibrium moves to the side with the fewest gas molecules. When pressure is lowered, equilibrium shifts to the side with the most gas molecules.

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Effect of Concentration on Equilibrium

Back

Decreasing reactant concentration or increasing product concentration causes equilibrium to move to the reactant side. Increasing reactant concentration or decreasing product concentration causes equilibrium to shift to the product side.

Front

Effect of Catalyst on Equilibrium

Back

The presence of a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position but increases the rate at which equilibrium is reached.