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Peninsula

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A piece of land almost surrounded by water but connected to the mainland, like the Italian peninsula where Ancient Rome is located.

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Volcano

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A mountain or hill with an opening through which lava, rock fragments, and gases are ejected from the earth's crust, such as Mt. Vesuvius in Ancient Rome.

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Fertile

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Describes land that is capable of producing abundant crops; rich in nutrients.

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Surplus

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An amount of something left over when requirements have been met; in Ancient Rome, this referred to extra crops that could be sold or traded.

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Maritime

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Relating to the sea; often refers to trade or activities conducted by sea, which was essential for Ancient Rome’s economy.

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Aqueduct

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A structure built to convey water from one location to another, often used in Ancient Rome to supply fresh water to cities.

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Concrete

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A building material made from a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel, used by the Ancient Romans for constructing durable structures.

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Tribune

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An elected official in Ancient Rome who had the power to veto decisions made by other parts of the government, representing the interests of plebeians.

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Patrician

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Members of the wealthy upper class in Ancient Rome who held power and influence in the government.

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Plebeian

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Common people in Ancient Rome, including farmers, artisans, and traders, who made up the majority of the population.