Basic Concepts of Heat and Temperature

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Celsius

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A scale and unit of measurement for temperature where 0 degrees is the freezing point of water and 100 degrees is the boiling point.

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Condução

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The process by which heat is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature.

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Convecção

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The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion.

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Radiação

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The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves, such as heat from the sun.

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Estados da Matéria

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The distinct forms that different phases of matter take on, namely solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

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Temperatura

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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, perceived as how hot or cold something is.

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Energia Térmica (Calor)

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The internal energy present in a system due to its temperature.

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Termômetro

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An instrument for measuring and indicating temperature.