The Muslim World

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Term for the leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad

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Caliph

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Pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to undertake at least once in their lifetime

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Hajj

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Action taken by the first caliph to maintain unity and suppress uprisings within the expanding Islamic empire

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Implemented military campaigns against dissenting factions

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Significance of the Declaration of Faith in Islam

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Emphasizes the belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad

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Style of art in Islamic culture characterized by intricate geometric patterns and designs

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Arabesque

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Major contribution by Islamic scholars to mathematics

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Development of algebra and the introduction of the decimal system

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Major theme found in the literature of the Golden Age of Islam

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Adventure, morality, and romance

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Islamic system of law derived from the Quran and Hadith

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Shari'ah

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Two rights that women had under Islamic law

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The right to own property and the right to inherit wealth

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The holiest city in Islam, where the Kaaba is located

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Mecca