Front

Soldier in the elite guard of the Ottoman Turks

Back

janissary

Front

Empire formed by conquerors unifying regions via firearms mastery.

Back

gunpowder empire

Front

"Holder of power"; military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and Ottomans.

Back

sultan

Front

Ottoman sultan's chief minister who led state affairs and council meetings.

Back

grand vizier

Front

"Sacred place"; private domain of an Ottoman sultan where he and his wives resided.

Back

harem

Front

Appointed official of the Ottoman Empire responsible for tax collection and law enforcement, directly accountable to the sultan's court.

Back

pasha

Front

Group of religious advisors to the Ottoman sultan, overseeing legal systems and Muslim education.

Back

ulema

Front

King in Persia/Iran

Back

shah

Front

Political disorder; lawlessness

Back

Anarchy

Front

Traditional beliefs, especially in religion

Back

Orthodoxy