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18th-century Italian philosopher who argued punishment should match the crime's pleasure.

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Cesare Beccaria

Front

Systematic weighing of positive vs. negative consequences in decision making.

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Cost Benefit Analysis

Front

Criminal punishments prevent future crimes by teaching offenders (specific) and society (general).

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Deterrence

Front

Corrections goal: remove offender's ability to commit future crime

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Incapacitation

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Disproportionate number of minority youth in the juvenile justice system and police contact.

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Disproportionate Minority Contact

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Deterrence based on society avoiding crime due to punished examples.

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General Deterrence

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Benefits of an action outweigh costs.

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Rational Choice Theory

Front

Relapse into criminal behavior; a measure of probation, parole, and prison program effectiveness.

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Recidivism

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Money paid to a crime victim as part of a sanction.

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Restitution

Front

Deterrence based on the idea that an offender is dissuaded from future crime by punishment.

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Specific Deterrence