Thermal Energy and Phase Changes

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Thermal Energy

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The total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in an object or substance.

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Temperature

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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object or substance.

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Melting Point

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The specific temperature at which melting occurs.

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Freezing Point

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The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.

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Vaporization

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The change in state from a liquid to a gas.

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Boiling Point

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The temperature at which a liquid boils.

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Evaporation

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Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid.

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Condensation

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The change in state from a gas to a liquid.

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Sublimation

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Occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to form a gas.