What functions do proteins perform?

Catalysis, transport, and structural support.

Hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, and phospholipids.

What are the functions of lipids?

They store energy, form membranes, and act as signaling molecules.

What do nucleic acids do?

Store and transfer genetic information.

What are nucleic acids made of?

Nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

What are functional groups?

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the properties of those molecules.

Name some examples of functional groups.

Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl (-COOH), Amino (-NH2), Phosphate (-PO4).

What are monosaccharides?

The simplest form of carbohydrates.

What are polysaccharides?

Long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.

What are fibrous proteins?

Proteins composed of long and narrow strands with a structural role.

What are globular proteins?

Proteins with a compact and rounded shape that have functional roles.

What is the primary function of phospholipids?

Major component of cell membranes.

Adenosine Triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Store and safeguard genetic information, controlling gene expression and DNA replication.

What is the plasma membrane?

A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that functions as a barrier and gateway for material entering and exiting the cell.

What is passive transport?

Movement of molecules without energy (e.g., diffusion, osmosis).

What is active transport?

Movement of molecules against a gradient, requiring energy.

Essential organelles for synthesizing proteins using genetic information from mRNA.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Transport, processing, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell.

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Key in processing and packaging proteins and lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Energy generation through cellular respiration (ATP production).

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

What do lysosomes do?

Contain enzymes that break down molecules and unwanted cellular materials.

What is the cytoskeleton?

A network of protein filaments that provides support and enables movement in eukaryotic cells.

Membrane-bound organelles that store nutrients, water, ions, and waste materials.

What is the cell cycle?

Includes stages G1, S, G2, and M, regulating cell division.

What happens during mitosis?

Division of the nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei.

Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Biomolecules and Cell Structure Flashcards

Student preview

41 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the basic structural and functional units of all organisms?

Back

Cells

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the building blocks of life?

Back

Biomolecules

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Name the major classes of biomolecules.

Back

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Back

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Back

They provide energy and serve as structural components.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Give examples of carbohydrates.

Back

Glucose, sucrose, starch.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are proteins made of?

Back

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

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