Middle East and Islamic History

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Middle East

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A region that includes Western Asia and parts of North Africa, known for its historical and geopolitical significance.

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Islam

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A monotheistic Abrahamic religion founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, with the Quran as its holy book.

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Mecca

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The holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia, and the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad.

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Muhammad

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The founder of Islam, regarded as the last prophet in Islam, who received revelations from Allah that form the Quran.

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5 Pillars

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The five basic acts of worship in Islam: Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

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Quran

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The holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.

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Sunni Muslims

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The largest denomination of Islam, believing in the legitimacy of the first four caliphs and following the Sunnah (traditions) of Muhammad.

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Shia Muslims

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A major branch of Islam that holds that Muhammad’s family, specifically his cousin and son-in-law Ali, were his rightful successors.

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Sufi Muslims

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Followers of Sufism, a mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God.

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Abbasid Empire

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A major Islamic caliphate that ruled from 750 to 1258 CE, known for its cultural and scientific achievements.