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Astrolabe

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A tool that measures the positions of the stars or the sun.

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Caravans

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A group of people or animals, often traders, traveling together across a desert in Asia or North Africa.

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Caravel

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A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th or 17th centuries

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Chronometer

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An instrument for measuring time, especially one designed to keep accurate time despite motion or variations in temperature, humidity, and air pressure.

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Circumnavigate

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To sail all the way around something (such as the world)

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Colony

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A group of people from one country who establish a settlement in another territory or land.

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Isthmus

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A strip of land that connects two larger lands

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Merchant

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People who trade, buy, and sell to earn a living.

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Middle Ages

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The period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople (1453).

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Navigation

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The act or process of planning out a route, or directing the travels of a vehicle such as a ship, car, or plane