Cellular Organelles and Processes

Front

What happens to proteins manufactured on the RER?

Back

They move to the lumen where they are folded and processed.

Front

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Back

Synthesizes proteins that will be shipped to another organelle, inserted into the plasma membrane, or secreted to the cell exterior.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

Processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

Front

What are lysosomes and their function?

Back

Recycling centers found only in animal cells, containing enzymes specialized for hydrolyzing different macromolecules.

Front

What is the endomembrane system?

Back

A center for producing, processing, and transporting proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, consisting of lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and ER.

Front

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Back

They digest and recycle macromolecules, store water and ions, and may contain pigments or noxious compounds.

Front

What are peroxisomes and their function?

Back

Globular organelles that are the center of reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions, detoxifying hydrogen peroxide with enzyme catalase.

Front

What is the nuclear localization signal (NLS)?

Back

A 17-amino-acid-long sequence that directs nuclear proteins to the nucleus, serving as a 'zip code' for transport.

Front

What is the 'signal hypothesis'?

Back

Proteins bound for the endomembrane system have a molecular zip code that directs the growing polypeptide to the RER.

Front

What is glycosylation?

Back

The addition of one or more carbohydrate groups to a protein, resulting in a glycoprotein.