positively charged particle found in the atom's nucleus

electrically neutral particle found in the atom's nucleus

negatively charged (found around the nucleus)

center of the atom where protons and neutrons are found

the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom (also equals the number of electrons)

the number of protons plus neutrons found in the nucleus

pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

shorthand method of representing an element

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in nucleus

combination of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds (e.g., H2O)

smallest unit of a chemical compound (e.g., one molecule of water has 2 H atoms and 1 O atom)

Chemical bonds are formed by

by the electrons that surround each atom’s nucleus

results when electrons are shared between two atoms (e.g., water)

result when electrons are transferred between two atoms (e.g., sodium chloride)

atom that lost an electron in an ionic bond

atom that gained an electron in an ionic bond

when two surfaces that are matching come together and form a small attraction (e.g., Gecko’s on Glass)

H2O – 2 hydrogen atoms – 2 electrons, 1 oxygen atom – 8 electrons

uneven distribution of electrons; water molecules are polar, with oxygen-side being slightly negative and the hydrogen-side being slightly positive

not a true bond but an attraction between positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule and the negative oxygen end of another polar molecule (up to 4 per molecule)

an attraction between two molecules of the same substance (water is extremely cohesive)

an attraction between different substances (e.g., capillary action- water and glass)

a substance composed of two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but not chemically combined (e.g., salt and pepper)

ions become evenly dispersed in water (e.g., salt dissolved in water)

the substance in which the substance is dissolved (e.g., water)

the substance being dissolved in the solvent (e.g., salt)

non-dissolved substance suspended in another substance (e.g., cells in blood)

measurement system used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions and OH-

any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution

solutions containing higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water (pH values below 7)

any compound that forms OH- ions in a solution

Basic (alkaline) solutions

solutions that contain lower concentrations of H ions than pure water (pH values greater than 7)

dissolved compounds that prevent sharp and sudden swings of pH

special testing paper used to identify acids and bases by changing color

study of compounds containing bonds between C atoms

giant molecules (100’s even 1000’s of smaller molecules)

large compounds are built by joining smaller compounds together

small compounds that can join together to form polymers

large compounds are built by joining smaller compounds (monomers) together

compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in that ratio (1:2:1); used for energy and structure

single sugar molecule, building blocks of carbohydrates

100’s and 1000’s monosaccharides join to form large complex sugar macromolecules

animals store excess sugar in muscles – running, jumping, etc.

Biology Ch 2 Flash Cards Flashcards

Student preview

83 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Matter

Back

anything that has mass and volume

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Mass

Back

amount of matter in an object

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Volume

Back

the amount of space that matter takes up

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Physical property

Back

can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the matter (color, size, weight, etc.)

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Chemical property

Back

describes the ability of matter to change from one substance into another substance as a result of a chemical reaction (burning something)

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Atoms

Back

the basic unit of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Subatomic Particles

Back

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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