SCA 3 Review: DNA structure, Cell Cycle, & Protein Synthesis

Front

In what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Back

S phase of interphase

Answer explanation

DNA is replicated during the S phase of interphase. This phase specifically focuses on synthesizing new DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes after cell division.

Front

What does tRNA carry to the ribosome?

Back

Amino Acids

Answer explanation

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins. This is essential for translating the genetic code into functional proteins, making 'Amino Acids' the correct answer.

Front

What are cancer cells likely to do since they cannot enter G0 phase?

Back

repeat the cell cycle continuously

Answer explanation

Cancer cells cannot enter G0 phase, leading them to continuously repeat the cell cycle without the normal regulatory mechanisms, which allows for uncontrolled proliferation.

Front

DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways that regulate the cell cycle. Turning off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of —

Back

tumors

Answer explanation

DNA damage can disrupt cell-signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled division of less-mature cells. This rapid division is a hallmark of tumor development, making 'tumors' the correct answer.

Front

The cellular process that enables cells to grow and develop into tissue is —

Back

Mitosis

Answer explanation

Mitosis is the cellular process that allows living cells to divide and grow, forming new tissue. This is essential for bioengineering skin, as it enables the regeneration of cells needed to treat severe burns and skin injuries.

Front

Identify the structure: nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar, nucleotide

Back

nucleotide

Answer explanation

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. Therefore, the correct structure identified is a nucleotide.

Front

What is happening during cytokinesis?

Back

Cytoplasm divides, creating 2 identical daughter cells.

Answer explanation

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two identical daughter cells. This process follows mitosis, where the cell's genetic material has already been duplicated and separated.

Front

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

Back

amino acids; peptide

Answer explanation

A polypeptide is specifically a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. This distinguishes it from other molecules like fatty acids or proteins, making 'amino acids; peptide' the correct choice.

Front

How do you know when to begin translating a strand of mRNA?

Back

look for AUG

Answer explanation

Translation of mRNA begins at the start codon, which is AUG. This codon signals the ribosome to start protein synthesis, making 'look for AUG' the correct choice.

Front

Translate this RNA sequence: AUG CAA UGA

Back

Met-Gln-Stop

Answer explanation

The RNA sequence AUGCAAUGA translates to amino acids using the codon chart. AUG codes for Methionine (Met), CAA for Glutamic acid (Glu), and UGA is a stop codon. Thus, the correct translation is Met-Glu-Stop.