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Photosynthesis

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The process where plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to make food (glucose) and release oxygen.

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Chloroplasts

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Tiny parts inside plant cells that help make food by using sunlight.

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Chlorophyll

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A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight to help plants make food.

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ATP

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A molecule that stores energy for the cell, made during the light-dependent reactions.

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NADPH

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A molecule that carries energy and is used in the second step of photosynthesis to help make glucose.

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Thylakoid membranes

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Thin layers inside the chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions happen.

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Stroma

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The liquid inside the chloroplast where the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place.

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Glucose

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A type of sugar made by plants during photosynthesis, which they use for energy.

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Oxidation

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A process where a molecule loses electrons. In photosynthesis, water loses electrons to release oxygen.

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Reduced

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A process where a molecule gains electrons. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide gains electrons to make glucose.