Ancient Egypt

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cataracts

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water rapids

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shaduf

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a bucket shaped tool used to irrigate

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dynasty

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a line of rulers

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papyrus

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a reed plant

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hieroglyphics

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the writing system in Egypt made up of pictures and sound symbols

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cataracts, delta marshes, and deserts

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protected Egypt from invasion by outsiders

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Nile river

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a river in Egypt that flowed south to north, is the longest river in the world, and is Egypt's only water source

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sailboats

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allowed Egyptians to travel up river against the current

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government

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responsible for building and maintaining ditches, storing crops, and settling land disputes.

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Narmer

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Egyptian king that united upper and lower Egypt and started the first dynasty