BIO-111 Exam Review #2 - Fall 2023

Front

What is the primary function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Back

Proteins serve various functions including acting as channels, receptors, and enzymes, and can be found on the surface or embedded within the membrane.

Front

What is the energy currency of the cell?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy currency used by cells.

Front

How is energy stored in glucose compared to ATP?

Back

Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of glucose, while ATP is used for immediate energy needs.

Front

How many ATP molecules are produced from one round of the citric acid cycle?

Back

Two molecules of ATP are generated from one round of the citric acid cycle.

Front

What is the relationship between ADP and ATP?

Back

ATP has one more phosphate group and more stored energy than ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).

Front

What are the two main types of proteins found in the plasma membrane?

Back

Integral proteins (embedded in the membrane) and peripheral proteins (attached to the surface).

Front

What role do enzymes play in cellular processes?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the cell.

Front

What is the significance of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?

Back

The citric acid cycle is crucial for generating ATP and electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron transport chain.

Front

How does ATP release energy?

Back

ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, converting it to ADP.

Front

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing protection and structural support.