What is the endothelium?

A simple squamous epithelium lining the internal surface of blood and lymphatic systems.

What is the role of endothelial cells in the cardiovascular system?

They maintain a selectively permeable barrier and regulate white blood cell movement.

What are the three major layers of the heart chambers?

Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.

What is the myocardium primarily composed of?

Contractile cardiac muscle fibers.

What is the function of Purkinje fibers?

They conduct electrical impulses for coordinated contraction of cardiac muscle.

What is the cardiac skeleton?

A dense irregular connective tissue structure that separates the musculature of the atria from the ventricles.

What are heart valves made of?

Folds of the endocardium anchored to the cardiac skeleton.

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

It acts as the pacemaker of the heart, initiating impulses for contraction.

What is atherosclerosis?

A disease of elastic and large muscular arteries characterized by plaque buildup.

What are the three major layers of blood vessels?

Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

What is the role of smooth muscle in blood vessels?

It regulates blood pressure through contraction and relaxation.

What are the three types of capillaries?

Continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries.

What is the function of lymphatic capillaries?

They collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the blood.

What is the significance of the vasa vasorum?

They supply nutrients to the walls of large blood vessels.

What is the role of valves in veins?

They prevent backflow of blood and ensure it flows toward the heart.

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To pump and direct blood cells and substances to all tissues of the body.

What is the function of the epicardium?

It is a simple squamous mesothelium that cushions the heart and contains blood vessels.

What is the role of fibroblasts in the myocardium?

They become myofibroblasts after injury and contribute to tissue repair.

What is the function of the tunica media in blood vessels?

It consists of smooth muscle that regulates vessel diameter and blood pressure.

What is the role of pericytes in capillaries?

They help regulate blood flow and can differentiate into other cell types after injury.

What is the significance of the internal elastic lamina in arteries?

It allows better diffusion of substances from blood into the vessel wall.

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system in the heart?

It regulates heart rate and rhythm through sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.

What is the function of the adventitia in blood vessels?

It provides structural support and contains connective tissue.

What is the role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system?

It promotes relaxation of smooth muscle and vasodilation.

What is the significance of the cardiac conduction system?

It coordinates the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

What are the effects of angina pectoris?

It causes discomfort due to myocardial ischemia, often triggered by exertion or stress.

What is the function of the external elastic lamina?

It separates the tunica media from the tunica externa in larger muscular arteries.

What is the role of growth factors like VEGF in the cardiovascular system?

They stimulate the formation and maintenance of blood vessels.

What is the primary function of the endothelium in blood vessels?

To act as a semipermeable barrier and regulate exchanges between blood and tissues.

What is the role of the cardiac skeleton in the heart?

It provides structural support and electrical insulation between atria and ventricles.

What is the significance of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

It regulates blood pressure by promoting water and sodium excretion by the kidneys.

What is the function of the pericardium?

It encloses the heart and defines the pericardial cavity.

What is the role of the AV node in the heart?

It receives impulses from the SA node and transmits them to the ventricles.

What is the primary function of capillary beds?

To permit and regulate metabolic exchange between blood and surrounding tissues.

What is the role of the tunica intima in blood vessels?

It consists of the endothelium and a thin layer of connective tissue.

What is the significance of the cardiac Purkinje cells?

They are specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses in the heart.

What is the role of the fibrous cardiac skeleton?

It surrounds and supports heart valves and provides points of insertion for cardiac muscle.

What is the function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?

It provides structural support and contains connective tissue.

What is the role of the smooth muscle in arterioles?

It regulates blood flow and systemic blood pressure.

What is the significance of the capillary wall structure?

It allows for efficient exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissues.

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating blood pressure?

It adjusts vasoconstriction and vasodilation to maintain normal blood pressure.

What is the function of the cardiac valves?

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure unidirectional flow through the heart.

What is the role of the endocardium?

It lines the internal surface of the heart chambers and valves.

What is the significance of the cardiac impulse conducting system?

It ensures coordinated contraction of the heart muscle.

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

Student preview

67 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the primary function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

Back

The heart propels blood through the system.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What surrounds the heart and provides protection?

Back

The pericardium, a fibrous sac lined by serous mesothelium.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are arteries and their role in the cardiovascular system?

Back

Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the tissues.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Back

Capillaries are the sites of exchange of O2, CO2, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the microvasculature?

Back

A complex network of thin, anastomosing tubules formed by capillaries in almost every organ.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How do veins function in the cardiovascular system?

Back

Veins carry blood back to the heart from the body.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two major divisions of the circulatory system?

Back

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

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