Untitled Flashcards

Front

 null hypotheses

Back

is the claim that there's no effect in the population.

Front

alternative hypothese

Back

A hypothesis about a population
parameter that contradicts the
null hypothesis; in research, the
hypothesis the researcher
wishes to prove true
• There is a difference or
relationship

Front

how to find the single mean z

Back

• State the hypotheses: State the null hypothesis,

  H0cap H sub 0

  𝐻0

  , which is what you believe to be true about the population, and the alternative hypothesis,

  H1cap H sub 1

  𝐻1

  , which is what you observe from your sample. 

  • Hypothesis Tests when Sigma Is Known • SOGA-R • Department of Earth Sciences

    Freie Universität Berlin

  • Z-Test for Statistical Hypothesis Testing Explained - Built In

    Oct 16, 2024 — Z-Test Steps * State the Null Hypothesis. The first step in a Z-test is to state the null hypothesis, H_0. This is wh...

    Built In

• Choose a significance level: Select a critical value,

  αalpha

  𝛼

  , to determine whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. For example, a statistical significance of 5% means that the critical value is

  z=+/−1.96z equals positive / minus 1.96

  𝑧=+/−1.96

  standard deviations from the population's mean. 

  • Z-Test for Statistical Hypothesis Testing Explained - Built In

    Oct 16, 2024 — Z-Test Steps * State the Null Hypothesis. The first step in a Z-test is to state the null hypothesis, H_0. This is wh...

    Built In

• Calculate the test statistic: Use the sample mean,

  μ1mu sub 1

  𝜇1

  , the population mean,

  μ0mu sub 0

  𝜇0

  , the number of data points in the sample,

  nn

  𝑛

  , and the population's standard deviation,

  σsigma

  𝜎

  , to calculate the test statistic. The formula for the test statistic is

  z=x̄−μσnz equals x bar minus mu sigma the square root of n end-root

  𝑧=𝑥̄−𝜇𝜎𝑛√

  . 

  • Z-Test for Statistical Hypothesis Testing Explained - Built In

    Oct 16, 2024 — Z-Test Steps * State the Null Hypothesis. The first step in a Z-test is to state the null hypothesis, H_0. This is wh...

    Built In

  • Hypothesis Testing: 1 Mean, Sigma Known – Basic Statistics

    Steps to conduct a Test for 1 Mean, σ Known: Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. Calculate the test statistic, z=¯x−μσ√n...

    Pressbooks.pub

• Determine the critical value or p-value: Find the critical value or the p-value, or both. 

  • Hypothesis Testing: 1 Mean, Sigma Known – Basic Statistics

    Steps to conduct a Test for 1 Mean, σ Known: Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. Calculate the test statistic, z=¯x−μσ√n...

    Pressbooks.pub

• Make a decision: If the value of the test statistic falls in the rejection region, reject

  H0cap H sub 0

  𝐻0

  . 

  • Hypothesis Tests when Sigma Is Known • SOGA-R • Department of Earth Sciences

    Freie Universität Berlin

• State a conclusion: State a "real world" conclusion. 

Front

how to find the single mean t test 

Back

• Define hypotheses: Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. 

  • The t-Test | Introduction to Statistics - JMP

    How to perform a t-test. For all of the t-tests involving means, you perform the same steps in analysis: Define your null (Ho ) an...

    JMP statistical software

  • Hypothesis Testing: 1 Mean, Sigma Known – Basic Statistics

    Steps to conduct a Test for 1 Mean, σ Known: Identify the null and alternative hypotheses. Calculate the test statistic, z=¯x−μσ√n...

    Pressbooks.pub

• Choose an alpha value: Decide on the risk of drawing an incorrect conclusion. 

  • The t-Test | Introduction to Statistics - JMP

    How to perform a t-test. For all of the t-tests involving means, you perform the same steps in analysis: Define your null (Ho ) an...

    JMP statistical software

• Check data: Ensure the data is error-free and meets the test's assumptions. 

  • The t-Test | Introduction to Statistics - JMP

    How to perform a t-test. For all of the t-tests involving means, you perform the same steps in analysis: Define your null (Ho ) an...

    JMP statistical software

• Calculate statistics: Compute the sample mean, standard deviation, and sample size. 

  • One-Sample t-Test | Introduction to Statistics - JMP

    For the t-test calculations we need the mean, standard deviation and sample size. These are shown in the summary statistics sectio...

    JMP statistical software

  • An Introduction to the One Sample t-test - Statistics Solutions

    The four steps are listed below: Calculate the sample mean. ¯y = y1 + y2 + ⋯ + ynn. Calculate the sample standard deviation.

    Statistics Solutions

• Calculate the test statistic: Use the formula

  t=ȳ−m0σ̂/nt equals y bar minus m sub 0 sigma hat / the square root of n end-root

  𝑡=𝑦̄−𝑚0𝜎̂/𝑛√

  . 

  • An Introduction to the One Sample t-test - Statistics Solutions

    The four steps are listed below: Calculate the sample mean. ¯y = y1 + y2 + ⋯ + ynn. Calculate the sample standard deviation.

    Statistics Solutions

• Compare to a theoretical value: Compare the test statistic to a theoretical value from the t-distribution. 

  • The t-Test | Introduction to Statistics - JMP

    How to perform a t-test. For all of the t-tests involving means, you perform the same steps in analysis: Define your null (Ho ) an...

    JMP statistical software

• Draw a conclusion: Write up a conclusion for the test. 

Front

single mean z test

Back

is used when the population is known to be normally distributed and when the population standard deviation ( σ ) is known.

Front

single mean t test

Back

a statistical hypothesis test that compares a sample mean to a specified value to determine if they are different

Front

one-tailed test

Back

The alternative hypothesis, HA,
states that the population
parameter differs from the value
stated in H0 in one particular
direction (and the critical region is
located in only one tail of the
sampling distribution)

Front

two-tailed test

Back

The alternative hypothesis, HA,
states that the population
parameter may be either less than
or greater than the value stated in
H0 (and the critical region is
divided between both tails of the
sampling distribution)

Front

how to find the z-score

Back

subtract the mean from a data point and then divide the result by the standard deviation

Front

how to find the t-score

Back

t−score=(x−u)/(S/n)t minus s c o r e equals open paren x minus u close paren / open paren cap S / the square root of n end-root close paren

𝑡−𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒=(𝑥−𝑢)/(𝑆/𝑛√)

• xx

  𝑥

  : The sample mean

• uu

  𝑢

  : The population mean

• Scap S

  𝑆

  : The sample standard deviation

• nthe square root of n end-root

  𝑛√

  : The square root of the sample size