AP Biology Cell #1

Front

What are the main components of a prokaryotic cell?

Back

Prokaryotic cells typically include a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material (DNA), but do not have membrane-bound organelles like an endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Back

The Rough ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins, particularly those that are to be secreted or sent to the cell membrane, as it is studded with ribosomes.

Front

What is the relationship between centrioles, cilia, and flagella?

Back

Cilia and flagella are structures that arise from centrioles, which are involved in cell division and the organization of microtubules.

Front

How are proteins secreted from prokaryotic cells?

Back

Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Front

Why is the mitochondrion not considered part of the endomembrane system?

Back

The mitochondrion is not classified as part of the endomembrane system because its structure is not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi apparatus.

Front

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

The primary difference is that eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the endomembrane system?

Back

The endomembrane system is a network of membranes in eukaryotic cells that includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids.

Front

What are the structural components of cilia and flagella?

Back

Cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules arranged in a '9+2' structure, surrounded by the plasma membrane.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.