Front

What is an example of a primary environmental crime according to South's framework? Options: Air pollution, Graffiti, Illegal fishing, Vandalism

Back

Air pollution

Answer explanation

Air pollution is a primary environmental crime as it directly harms the environment and public health, fitting South's framework. In contrast, graffiti, illegal fishing, and vandalism are not classified as primary environmental crimes.

Front

What is considered an environmental crime under Nigel South's framework? Options: Legal actions that harm the environment, Only illegal actions, Actions that are beneficial to the environment, Actions that are neither legal nor illegal.

Back

Legal actions that harm the environment

Answer explanation

Under Nigel South's framework, environmental crimes include legal actions that harm the environment, as they can have detrimental effects despite being lawful. This highlights the complexity of environmental harm beyond just illegal actions.

Front

According to the text, what is a broader definition of environmental crime concerned with? Options: Illegality, Harm, Profit, Legality

Back

Harm

Answer explanation

The broader definition of environmental crime focuses on 'Harm' rather than just 'Illegality' or 'Legality'. It emphasizes the negative impacts on the environment, making 'Harm' the correct choice.

Front

Green criminology

Back

The study of crimes against the environment

Answer explanation

The term "green criminology" specifically refers to the study of crimes against the environment, focusing on issues like pollution, wildlife trafficking, and resource exploitation, making it distinct from other types of crime.

Front

What is the concept of zemiology primarily concerned with?

Back

Objective ways of identifying harm

Answer explanation

Zemiology focuses on understanding harm in society, emphasizing objective methods to identify and analyze various forms of harm, rather than just legal definitions of crime or other unrelated topics.

Front

According to Reece Walters, what term is useful to describe actions that threaten the sustainability of life on Earth?

Back

Eco-crime

Answer explanation

Reece Walters uses the term 'eco-crime' to describe actions that threaten the sustainability of life on Earth, highlighting the environmental impact of such crimes.

Front

What does Ulrich Beck's idea of risk society suggest about economic growth?

Back

It increases the risks from the natural environment

Answer explanation

Ulrich Beck's concept of risk society indicates that as societies progress economically, they often create new risks, particularly from the natural environment, thus increasing these risks rather than reducing them.

Front

What approach does White advocate for in understanding environmental harm? Options: Anthropocentric, Eco-centric, Legal-centric, Economic-centric

Back

Eco-centric

Answer explanation

White advocates for an eco-centric approach, emphasizing the intrinsic value of nature and the interconnectedness of all living beings, rather than prioritizing human interests alone.

Front

What is the significance of the image of genetically modified crops? Options: They represent advancements in agricultural technology, They are a symbol of traditional farming methods, They indicate a decline in crop diversity, They show the impact of climate change on agriculture.

Back

They represent advancements in agricultural technology.

Answer explanation

Genetically modified crops signify advancements in agricultural technology, showcasing innovations that enhance crop yield, resistance to pests, and adaptability to environmental challenges.

Front

What does the image of environmental pollution with workers cleaning up an oil spill represent?

Back

The impact of industrial accidents on marine life

Answer explanation

The image of workers cleaning up an oil spill highlights the severe consequences of industrial accidents, particularly how they adversely affect marine life, making this the correct interpretation.