Punnett Squares

Front

What is a Punnett Square?

Back

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What do the letters in a Punnett Square represent?

Back

The letters represent the alleles contributed by each parent. Uppercase letters denote dominant alleles, while lowercase letters denote recessive alleles.

Front

What is the genotype of an organism?

Back

The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., TT, Tt, or tt).

Front

What is the phenotype of an organism?

Back

The phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be dominant?

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be recessive?

Back

A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

Front

In a monohybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Back

The expected phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross is typically 3:1 for dominant to recessive traits.

Front

In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Back

The expected phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross is typically 9:3:3:1 for the four possible phenotypes.

Front

How do you determine the probability of an offspring having a specific trait using a Punnett Square?

Back

To determine the probability, count the number of squares showing the desired trait and divide by the total number of squares.

Front

What is the significance of the F1 and F2 generations in genetics?

Back

The F1 generation is the first filial generation, resulting from a cross between two parent organisms. The F2 generation is the offspring of the F1 generation.