Data Collection & Experimental Design AP Statistics

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What is the purpose of a completely randomized design in experiments?

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To eliminate bias by randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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Define Cluster Random Sampling.

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A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters (usually geographically), and entire clusters are randomly selected for the survey.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What are confounding variables in an experiment?

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Variables that are not controlled by the researcher and may affect the outcome of the experiment, leading to incorrect conclusions.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is a control group in an experiment?

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The group that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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Explain Systematic Random Sampling.

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A sampling method where every nth individual is selected from a list or queue.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the significance of random assignment in experimental design?

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It helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, which minimizes bias.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the difference between observational studies and experimental studies?

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Observational studies observe subjects without manipulation, while experimental studies involve the manipulation of variables to determine effects.

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CCSS.HSS.IC.B.3

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What is the role of a hypothesis in experimental design?

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A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting the relationship between variables in an experiment.

Tags

CCSS.6.SP.B.5B

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What is the importance of sample size in statistical studies?

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A larger sample size generally increases the reliability and validity of the results, reducing the margin of error.

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Define the term 'bias' in the context of data collection.

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Bias refers to systematic errors that lead to incorrect conclusions, often due to the way data is collected or analyzed.