PreAP DNA Structure and Replication Review Study Guide 2019

Front

What is the term used to describe the method of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand?

Back

Semi-conservative replication.

Front

What structural shape does a DNA molecule have?

Back

Double helix.

Front

List the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA.

Back

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Front

What is the basic building block of DNA called?

Back

Nucleotide.

Front

What type of bond connects nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule?

Back

Weak hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the function of helicase during DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds and separates the double-stranded DNA.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

They indicate the directionality of the DNA strand, which is important for replication and transcription.

Front

What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine in the context of DNA?

Back

Purines (adenine and guanine) have a two-ring structure, while pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) have a single-ring structure.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to create a continuous DNA strand.