Chem Periodic Table Trends final

Front

What are noble gases and why are they considered unreactive?

Back

Noble gases are elements in Group 18 of the periodic table that have filled valence electron shells, making them very stable and unreactive.

Front

What is the shielding effect in relation to valence electrons?

Back

The shielding effect refers to the reduction in the effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons due to the presence of inner-shell electrons, making it easier to remove valence electrons from metals.

Front

How does the ionic radii trend change down a group in the periodic table?

Back

Ionic radii increase down a group due to the shielding effect, which allows valence electrons to be held more loosely as additional energy levels are added.

Front

What is electronegativity and how does it affect atoms?

Back

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. Atoms with high electronegativity hold onto their electrons tightly.

Front

What is ionization energy and how does it vary across the periodic table?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy for group 1 metals?

Back

The first ionization energy decreases down group 1 metals, but the second ionization energy increases dramatically due to the removal of an electron from a stable noble gas configuration.

Front

What is the relationship between atomic size and ionization energy?

Back

As atomic size increases, ionization energy generally decreases because the outermost electrons are further from the nucleus and experience less attraction.

Front

What are the main characteristics of alkali metals?

Back

Alkali metals are highly reactive, have one valence electron, and form +1 ions. They are found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Front

What is the significance of the octet rule in chemistry?

Back

The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons, leading to greater stability.

Front

How does the electronegativity trend change across a period?

Back

Electronegativity generally increases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius.