Ch 4: Modern Atomic Theory

Front

What is the electron configuration of an atom with 10 electrons?

Back

1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

Front

What is the ground state in the Bohr model of the atom?

Back

The orbit closest to the nucleus, which is lowest in energy.

Front

In the context of atomic models, what is true about the energy of electrons closest to the nucleus?

Back

Electrons closest to the nucleus do not have the highest energy; this is not true of either the Bohr model or the quantum mechanical model.

Front

How do you calculate the energy of a quantum of light?

Back

Use the formula E = hν, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s), and ν is the frequency.

Front

What is Hund's Rule?

Back

Electrons fill equal energy orbitals singly before pairing.

Front

What is the significance of the quantum number n in electron configurations?

Back

The quantum number n indicates the energy level of an electron in an atom.

Front

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?

Back

A single orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

Front

What is the relationship between frequency and energy of light?

Back

Energy is directly proportional to frequency; as frequency increases, energy increases.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the energy of a photon with a given frequency?

Back

E = hν, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and ν is frequency.

Front

What does the term 'valence electrons' refer to?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.