Protein Synthesis & Mutations 2223

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What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What role does DNA play in protein synthesis?

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DNA serves as a template to make mRNA during transcription.

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What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosomes and matches them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

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How many amino acids are there?

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There are 20 standard amino acids that are used to build proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is the significance of the order of amino acids in a protein?

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The order of amino acids determines the protein's structure and function; even a single change can affect its activity.

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What happens during the translation phase of protein synthesis?

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During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the protein produced.