Periodic Trends

Front

What are valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

Front

Which elements have the same number of valence electrons?

Back

Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?

Back

Atomic radius increases as you move down a group because additional electron shells are added.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

Which group of elements is known as the alkali metals?

Back

Group 1 elements in the periodic table are known as alkali metals.

Front

What is the trend in ionization energy as you move across a period from left to right?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

Why does Francium (Fr) have the lowest ionization energy in Group 1?

Back

Francium has the lowest ionization energy because its single valence electron is far from the nucleus, requiring less energy to remove.

Front

What is the smallest halogen by atomic radius?

Back

Fluorine (F) is the smallest halogen by atomic radius.

Front

How does the number of electron shells affect atomic size?

Back

More electron shells result in a larger atomic size due to increased distance from the nucleus.

Front

What is the relationship between group number and valence electrons?

Back

The group number of an element in the periodic table corresponds to the number of valence electrons it has.