Front

What is the definition of a polar molecule?

Back

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds, which arise from differences in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

Front

Which of the following compounds is nonpolar: CO2, H2O, NH3, CHCl3?

Back

CO2 is a nonpolar compound because it has a symmetrical linear shape that cancels out the dipole moments.

Front

What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Back

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are involved in forming bonds with other atoms. They determine the chemical properties and reactivity of the element.

Front

What does it mean for electrons to be transferred in ionic bonding?

Back

In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions.

Front

How do you determine the polarity of a bond?

Back

The polarity of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved in the bond. A larger difference indicates a more polar bond.

Front

Which bond is more polar: C-Cl or C-F?

Back

C-F is more polar than C-Cl because fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, leading to a greater difference in electronegativity.

Front

What is the ionic charge of oxygen in compounds?

Back

The ionic charge of oxygen in compounds is typically -2.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

Front

Why is the electronegativity of Cl less than that of F?

Back

The electronegativity of Cl is less than that of F because Cl's valence electrons are more shielded from the nucleus compared to F, making it less effective at attracting electrons.

Front

What is the role of molecular geometry in determining polarity?

Back

Molecular geometry affects polarity because the shape of the molecule can determine whether the dipole moments cancel out or add together, influencing the overall polarity.