Genes and Proteins

Front

What are the base pairs in a DNA molecule?

Back

Thymine pairs with Adenine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

Front

How many nucleotides are required to code for a specific amino acid in DNA or mRNA?

Back

Three nucleotides code for one amino acid.

Front

What is a nucleotide composed of?

Back

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Back

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription in the context of gene expression?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA and synthesize proteins based on the codon sequence.