Cognitive Biases

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Cognitive bias

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An error in thinking that often occurs when processing information.

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Cognitive dissonance

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The mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values.

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The Confirmation Bias

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The tendency to seek out information that confirms our beliefs and ignore facts that threaten them.

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The Gambler's Fallacy

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The tendency to believe that all future events are influenced by past occurrences.

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The Hindsight Bias

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The tendency to see events, even random ones, as more predictable than they actually are.

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The Status Quo Bias

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We are much more resistant to events or ideas that require some sort of change. The brain seeks to reduce perceived loss. Example: You get the same thing at a restaurant every time.

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The Anchoring Bias

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The tendency to be more strongly influenced by the first piece of information received in a situation.

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The Actor-Observer Bias

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We tend to attribute our actions to external influences, and the actions of other people to internal influences.

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The Halo Effect

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The tendency to attribute our overall thoughts of something to our first impressions of it.

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The Availability Heuristic

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We tend to estimate the chances of something happening based on how many examples readily come to mind.