Unit 5: Genetics 2

Front

What is the term for the physical characteristics of an organism that are expressed as a result of its genotype?

Back

Phenotype

Front

What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

Back

Genotype

Front

What is the role of genes in inheritance?

Back

Genes are segments of DNA that carry hereditary information and are passed from parents to offspring.

Front

What type of allele is expressed only when two copies are present?

Back

Recessive allele

Front

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus contains chromosomes and genes, which house the genetic material of the organism.

Front

Which characteristic is least likely to be inherited by offspring?

Back

Acquired traits, such as scars.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to be expressed.

Front

How do mutations affect genetic traits?

Back

Mutations can alter the DNA sequence of a gene, potentially leading to changes in the organism's traits.

Front

What is the significance of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles.

Front

What is the process of natural selection?

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.