Central Tendency

Central tendency is a statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an entire dataset, commonly measured by mean, median, and mode.

To calculate the mean, sum all the values in the dataset and then divide by the number of values.

The median is the middle value when the data is arranged in ascending order. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle values.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset.

Q1, or the first quartile, represents the median of the lower half of the dataset, indicating that 25% of the data falls below this value.

Q3, or the third quartile, represents the median of the upper half of the dataset, indicating that 75% of the data falls below this value.

50% of the data falls between Q1 and Q3.

The interquartile range (IQR) is calculated by subtracting Q1 from Q3 (IQR = Q3 - Q1).

A box-and-whisker plot is a graphical representation of a dataset that displays its minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.