Chapter 16

Front

What is Bt toxin and what types of pests does it target?

Back

Bt toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which specifically targets and kills insect larvae, particularly caterpillars and beetles.

Front

How does CRISPR differ from x-rays in inducing homologous recombination?

Back

CRISPR is a targeted gene-editing tool that allows for precise modifications in the DNA sequence, whereas x-rays induce random mutations, making them less specific.

Front

What is microinjection and how is it used in genetic engineering?

Back

Microinjection is a technique that involves using a small needle to pierce a cell membrane and inject a solution, often containing DNA or RNA, directly into the cell.

Front

What are the limitations of microinjection, electroporation, and lipofection in targeting cells?

Back

These methods typically target specific cells or tissues and do not have the capability to target all cells in an adult organism.

Front

What is lipofection and how does it facilitate gene delivery?

Back

Lipofection is a technique that coats nucleic acids in a hydrophobic solution, allowing them to pass through the cell membrane and enter the cell.

Front

What are the main applications of CRISPR technology in genetic research?

Back

CRISPR technology is used for gene editing, gene knockout, gene activation, and creating genetically modified organisms for research and therapeutic purposes.

Front

What is the role of electroporation in gene transfer?

Back

Electroporation is a technique that uses electrical pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing for the uptake of DNA or other molecules.

Front

What are the advantages of using targeted gene editing techniques like CRISPR?

Back

Targeted gene editing techniques like CRISPR allow for precise modifications, reduced off-target effects, and the ability to study specific genes and their functions.

Front

What types of cells can be targeted using microinjection?

Back

Microinjection can be used to target a variety of cell types, including oocytes, embryos, and cultured cells, but it is not suitable for all cell types.

Front

What is the significance of homologous recombination in genetic engineering?

Back

Homologous recombination is a process that allows for the precise integration of genetic material into a specific location in the genome, which is crucial for gene targeting.