Cell Biology Basics

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Organelles

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Structures inside of a cell that have specific functions/jobs/tasks.

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CELL MEMBRANE

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Surrounds all cells - Acts like a BARRIER between cell and its environment only allowing some things into the cell (like food, water and oxygen) and keeping other things out (like viruses and harmful bacteria).

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Ribosomes (function)

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Organelles that MAKE PROTEIN.

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Cytoplasm

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Fluid mixture that surrounds organelles.

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Prokaryotic

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Cells with NO nucleus. Ex: bacteria and archaea

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Eukaryotic

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Cells with a NUCLEUS and membrane bound organelles. (Animals, plants, fungi and protists)

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Nucleus (structure)

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Largest organelle - Looks like a big ball (contains DNA)

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Nucleus (function)

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Organelle that controls all cell activities (because it houses the DNA, which stores the directions for all cell activities). It is in charge of the whole cell!

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PLANT cells have these 3 cell parts (NOT in animal cells)

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Chloroplasts, Cell Wall and a big/Central Vacuole.

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Cell Wall

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RIGID extra layer that surrounds, supports and protects plant cells (NOT animal cells)