Atomic Theory and Periodic Trends

Front

What are the main components of atomic theory?

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The main components of atomic theory include the idea that matter is made up of atoms, atoms are indivisible and indestructible, atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, and chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms.

Front

What is the significance of atomic mass in an element?

Back

Atomic mass indicates the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus, which helps determine the element's identity and its isotopes.

Front

What properties are common to metals?

Back

Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and have a shiny appearance.

Front

What distinguishes metals from non-metals?

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Metals are usually solid at room temperature (except mercury), have high melting points, and conduct heat and electricity well, while non-metals can be gases or solids, have lower melting points, and are poor conductors.

Front

What are the three main types of subatomic particles?

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The three main types of subatomic particles are electrons (negatively charged), protons (positively charged), and neutrons (neutral).

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How do families (groups) in the periodic table relate to element properties?

Back

Elements in the same family or group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.

Front

What is the periodic trend for atomic radius?

Back

Atomic radius generally increases down a group due to the addition of electron shells and decreases across a period from left to right due to increased nuclear charge.

Front

What is ionization energy and how does it vary in the periodic table?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Front

What is electronegativity and its trend in the periodic table?

Back

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. It increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Front

What is the difference between an isotope and an ion?

Back

An isotope is a variant of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, while an ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.