Bone Physiology Practice

Front

What is the epiphyseal plate and its significance in bone growth?

Back

The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is a layer of cartilage located at the ends of long bones. It is where new bone growth occurs, allowing the bone to lengthen during development.

Front

What is trabecular (spongy) bone and where is it found?

Back

Trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone, is a type of bone tissue that has a porous, lattice-like structure. It is found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of other bones, providing structural support and flexibility.

Front

Define diaphysis in the context of bone structure.

Back

The diaphysis is the shaft or central part of a long bone. It is primarily composed of compact bone and provides strength and support to the bone.

Front

What are canaliculi and their function in bone tissue?

Back

Canaliculi are small channels or ducts in bone tissue that connect lacunae (small cavities containing osteocytes). They allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes and the blood supply.

Front

What are central (Haversian) canals and their role in bone structure?

Back

Central (Haversian) canals are the central channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels and nerves. They are part of the Haversian system, which provides nutrients and removes waste from bone cells.

Front

Explain the role of osteocytes in bone physiology.

Back

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue. They are embedded in the bone matrix and play a crucial role in regulating bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis.

Front

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Back

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and support. Spongy bone is lighter, less dense, and contains trabecular structures, providing flexibility and housing bone marrow.

Front

Describe the process of endochondral ossification.

Back

Endochondral ossification is the process by which bone tissue is formed from a cartilage model. It is essential for the development of long bones and involves the replacement of cartilage with bone as the organism grows.

Front

What is the significance of the periosteum in bone health?

Back

The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones. It contains blood vessels, nerves, and osteoblasts, playing a vital role in bone growth, repair, and nutrition.

Front

How do osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together in bone remodeling?

Back

Osteoblasts are cells that build new bone tissue, while osteoclasts are cells that break down old bone tissue. Together, they maintain bone density and strength through the process of bone remodeling.