Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it provides the instructions for building proteins.

Front

What does the Central Dogma of molecular biology state?

Back

The Central Dogma states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This process illustrates the flow of genetic information.

Front

Define protein synthesis.

Back

Protein synthesis is the process of assembling proteins based on the instructions provided by DNA.

Front

What is meant by the term 'base sequence'?

Back

Base sequence refers to the order of nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) in DNA or RNA, which determines the genetic information.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

During transcription, double-stranded DNA is unzipped, and one strand serves as a template to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs; they read the mRNA sequence and facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.

Front

Explain the process of translation in protein synthesis.

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.