Biology Terms

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Activation energy

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The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

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Active transport

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The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. This process requires energy.

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Aerobic

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Processes that require oxygen to occur.

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Anaerobic

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Processes that do not require oxygen to occur.

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ATP

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Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that carries energy within cells.

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Catalyze

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To increase the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst.

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Concentration

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The abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.

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Denature

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A process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose their structure due to the application of external stress or compound, such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent, or heat.

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Diffusion

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The net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

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Endocytosis

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The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane.