Glycolysis & Kreb Cycle APB

Front

What is glycolysis?

Back

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Front

What is the Kreb Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)?

Back

The Kreb Cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Front

What is allosteric regulation?

Back

Allosteric regulation is a process by which an enzyme's activity is modified by the binding of an effector molecule at a site other than the active site, leading to a change in the enzyme's shape and function.

Front

What role does phosphofructokinase play in glycolysis?

Back

Phosphofructokinase is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a crucial step in the pathway.

Front

What is the significance of NADH in glycolysis?

Back

NADH is a reduced coenzyme that carries electrons to the electron transport chain, playing a critical role in cellular respiration and energy production.

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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP through the Kreb Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and results in less ATP, often producing lactic acid or ethanol.

Front

What is a reducing agent in a redox reaction?

Back

A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons to another substance, causing the other substance to be reduced while itself being oxidized.

Front

What happens to a molecule that acts as a reducing agent?

Back

The reducing agent loses electrons and, as a result, loses potential energy.

Front

What is the role of pyruvate in cellular metabolism?

Back

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and can be further metabolized in the Kreb Cycle under aerobic conditions or converted to lactate or ethanol under anaerobic conditions.

Front

What is the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction?

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An oxidizing agent is a substance that gains electrons in a redox reaction, causing the other substance to be oxidized.