Early 19th Century American History

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Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

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Democratic Republican who believed in down-sizing government, and tried to stay neutral in foreign policy.

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Barbary Wars (1801-1805)

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President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay tribute to protect American ships from the Barbary pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations.

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Embargo Act of 1807

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Act passed by congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port.

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Louisiana Purchase

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Territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million.

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Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806)

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Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to investigate the resources acquired with the Louisiana Purchase on 'Voyage of Discovery'. They mapped the region and promoted fur trading.

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War of 1812 (1812-1815)

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US v Britain: fought over trade restrictions caused by British-French war; the impressment of American sailors, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion.

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Impressment

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British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service.

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Tecumseh and the Prophet

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Two Shawnee brothers who led a confederacy of tribes east of the Mississippi. Their actions were in response to western-bound settlers, resulting in Indian unity and cultural revival.

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John Marshall's Supreme Court

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Period of court ruling from 1801 to 1835; shaped interpretation of Constitution; strengthened judicial branch; increased power of federal government over state.

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Marbury vs. Madison

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Established judicial review.