OL Genetics Flashcard #2 Review

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical appearance or characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be dominant?

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be recessive?

Back

A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

Front

In a Punnett square, what does each box represent?

Back

Each box in a Punnett square represents a possible genotype of the offspring resulting from the combination of parental alleles.

Front

If a plant has the genotype Tt, what are the possible phenotypes?

Back

The possible phenotypes are tall (T) and short (t), with tall being dominant.

Front

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt)?

Back

The expected phenotypic ratio is 3 tall (T) to 1 short (t).

Front

How can you determine the genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype?

Back

You can determine the genotype by performing a test cross with a homozygous recessive individual.

Front

What is the significance of a test cross in genetics?

Back

A test cross helps determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.

Front

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-3