Protein Synthesis Flashcard 4

Front

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

Back

DNA contains the genetic instructions for making proteins. It is transcribed into RNA, which then translates into proteins.

Front

What is the function of lactase in the human body?

Back

Lactase is an enzyme that digests lactose, the sugar found in milk, into glucose and galactose.

Front

How do enzymes affect chemical reactions in the body?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is lactose intolerance?

Back

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose due to a deficiency of the enzyme lactase.

Front

At what temperature do human enzymes typically function best?

Back

Human enzymes generally work best at around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius), but some may function optimally at 99 degrees Fahrenheit.

Front

What happens to enzyme activity at high temperatures?

Back

Enzyme activity can increase with temperature up to a certain point, but excessive heat can denature enzymes, reducing their effectiveness.

Front

What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?

Back

Increasing enzyme concentration generally increases the reaction rate, provided there is enough substrate available.

Front

What is the significance of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the products of lactose digestion?

Back

The products of lactose digestion are glucose and galactose.

Front

How does temperature affect the digestion of food?

Back

Higher temperatures can increase the rate of digestion up to a point, but extreme heat can slow down or inhibit digestion.